News
Prof.
Class
New 2025!
Raid
New 2025!
Dungeon
New 2025!
Events
New 2025!
Quests
New 2025!
Transmog
Contact
Views: 154
Operation: Shieldwall Daily Quests Guide (MoP 5.4)

2025 Update!
Raid, Dungeon, Quests and Events guides available now!

Operation: ShieldwallOperation: Shieldwall is an in-game event released in Patch 5.1. It recountsthe establishment of Lion's Landing (the first Alliance settlement on Pandaria) ineastern Krasarang Wilds. Operation: Shieldwall is also the name of the Alliancefaction that you will interact with at Lion's Landing.

As the event progresses (i.e., as your reputation increasesthrough doing daily quests), you will be given short quest lines that contain a lotof lore information regarding the events that will eventually lead to thecombined Alliance-Horde assault on Orgrimmar to dislodge Garrosh Hellscream frompower (the culminating battle of the Mists of Pandaria expansion, which wasannounced at Blizzcon 2011).

1. Overview↑top

Operation: Shieldwall starts by Meet the Scout, a quest automaticallygiven to level 90 players on Pandaria. After a short introductory quest line,where you will witness the arrival of King Varian Wrynn on Pandaria andthe construction of Lion's Landing, you will be able to start doing dailyquests and increase your reputation with Operation: Shieldwall.

As your standing with the Operation: Shieldwall faction increases, you willbe given short quest lines to complete. They usually contain a lot of loreinformation, which we chose not to detail here to avoid spoiling yourexperience.

Operation: Shieldwall and Dominance Offensive, its Horde counterpart,have been touted as a World PvP Event. In reality, World PvP is limitedto taking a few objectives that grant useful (but nowhere near mandatory)buffs to players of the holding faction. See our dedicatedsection for more information.

There are a number of rewards associated with the event, mainly a mountand new Valor Point gear.

We estimate that it will take a month worth of daily quests to reachexalted reputation with Operation: Shieldwall.

You can speed up the process by doing the Operation: Shieldwall Work Orderat your farm (see our Tillers guide).

1.1. Grand Commendation of Operation: Shieldwall

As soon as you reach revered reputation withOperation: Shieldwall, make sure to purchase the Grand Commendation of Operation: Shieldwall Icon Grand Commendation of Operation: Shieldwall fromthe faction quartermaster. Usingthis item will allow you to reach exalted reputationmuch faster.

1.2. Champion A Faction

In order to increase your reputation gains with Operation: Shieldwall, you canchoose to champion them in the reputation tab of your characterpanel. This will cause you to gain addition reputation when doing variousactivities, but mostly through running Heroic dungeons and scenarios.

2. Rewards↑top

In addition to the gear, which we describe next, you can earn a few rewards.

Grand Armored Gryphon Icon Grand Armored Gryphon is a mount sold by Agent Malley for 2000 Gold,after you reach exalted reputation with Operation:Shieldwall.

Grand Gryphon Icon Grand Gryphon is a flying mount that you receive as a reward for thefinal quest of the chain (once you have reached exalted reputation).

Grand Commendation of Operation: Shieldwall Icon Grand Commendation of Operation: Shieldwall unlocks a 100% reputation gainon your other characters. This item can be bought for 50 Gold fromAgent Malley, after you reach revered reputationwith Operation: Shieldwall.

Operation: Shieldwall Icon Operation: Shieldwall Campaign is an achievement that you will earnafter doing all the quest lines that will be offered to you as yourreputation increases. Presumably, it will require you to reachexalted reputation.

I'm In Your Base, Killing Your Dudes Icon I'm In Your Base, Killing Your Dudes is an achievement that you will earnafter killing all three Horde Champions in Domination Point. See oursection on rare elites, for more information.

2.1. Gear

All the gear is sold by Agent Malley, the Operation: Shieldwallquartermaster. Reputation requirements are the following:

  • items that cost 1,750 Justice Points require no reputation;
  • items that cost 1,250 Valor Points require honored reputation.
  • items that cost 1,750 Valor Points require revered reputation.

2.1.1. Armor

Item Name Armor Slot Main Stats Cost
Bon-iy's Unbreakable Cord Icon Bon-iy's Unbreakable Cord Cloth Waist Intellect/Hit 1,750 Valor Points
Sandals of Oiled Silk Icon Sandals of Oiled Silk Cloth Feet Intellect/Hit 1,750 Valor Points
Sash of Bouncing Power Icon Sash of Bouncing Power Cloth Waist Intellect/Spirit 1,750 Valor Points
Shieldwarden Slippers Icon Shieldwarden Slippers Cloth Feet Intellect/Spirit 1,750 Valor Points
Soothing Straps Icon Soothing Straps Leather Waist Intellect 1,750 Valor Points
Statue Summoner's Treads Icon Statue Summoner's Treads Leather Feet Intellect 1,750 Valor Points
Prevenge's Swashbuckling Cinch Icon Prevenge's Swashbuckling Cinch Leather Waist Agility 1,750 Valor Points
Crab-Leather Tabi Icon Crab-Leather Tabi Leather Feet Agility 1,750 Valor Points
Links of Bonded Blood Icon Links of Bonded Blood Mail Waist Intellect 1,750 Valor Points
Totem-Binder Boots Icon Totem-Binder Boots Mail Feet Intellect 1,750 Valor Points
Chain of Flaming Arrows Icon Chain of Flaming Arrows Mail Waist Agility 1,750 Valor Points
Odlaw's Everwalkers Icon Odlaw's Everwalkers Mail Feet Agility 1,750 Valor Points
Divide's Loyal Clasp Icon Divide's Loyal Clasp Plate Waist Intellect 1,750 Valor Points
Greatboots of Flashing Light Icon Greatboots of Flashing Light Plate Feet Intellect 1,750 Valor Points
Girdle of Crushing Strength Icon Girdle of Crushing Strength Plate Waist Strength/Mastery 1,750 Valor Points
Sea-Soaked Sollerets Icon Sea-Soaked Sollerets Plate Feet Strength 1,750 Valor Points
Waistplate of Immobility Icon Waistplate of Immobility Plate Waist Strength/Parry 1,750 Valor Points
Sabatons of the Sullied Shore Icon Sabatons of the Sullied Shore Plate Feet Strength/Parry 1,750 Valor Points

2.1.2. Rings and Trinkets

Item Name Type Main Stats Cost
Band of the Shieldwall Icon Band of the Shieldwall Ring Intellect 1,250 Valor Points
Loop of the Shieldwall Icon Loop of the Shieldwall Ring Intellect/Spirit 1,250 Valor Points
Arcane Badge of the Shieldwall Icon Arcane Badge of the Shieldwall Trinket Intellect/Haste on Use 1,750 Justice Points
Shock-Charger Medallion Icon Shock-Charger Medallion Trinket Haste/Intellect on Use 1,750 Valor Points
Mending Badge of the Shieldwall Icon Mending Badge of the Shieldwall Trinket Intellect/Spirit on Use 1,750 Justice Points
Heartwarmer Medallion Icon Heartwarmer Medallion Trinket Intellect/Spirit on Use 1,750 Valor Points
Signet of the Shieldwall Icon Signet of the Shieldwall Ring Agility 1,250 Valor Points
Deadeye Badge of the Shieldwall Icon Deadeye Badge of the Shieldwall Trinket Agility/Mastery on Use 1,750 Justice Points
Arrowflight Medallion Icon Arrowflight Medallion Trinket Agility/Crit on Use 1,750 Valor Points
Circle of the Shieldwall Icon Circle of the Shieldwall Ring Strength 1,250 Valor Points
Knightly Badge of the Shieldwall Icon Knightly Badge of the Shieldwall Trinket Strength/Mastery on Use 1,750 Justice Points
Helmbreaker Medallion Icon Helmbreaker Medallion Trinket Strength/Crit on Use 1,750 Valor Points
Seal of the Shieldwall Icon Seal of the Shieldwall Ring Strength/Dodge 1,250 Valor Points
Durable Badge of the Shieldwall Icon Durable Badge of the Shieldwall Trinket Dodge/Mastery on Use 1,750 Justice Points
Vaporshield Medallion Icon Vaporshield Medallion Trinket Dodge/Mastery on Use 1,750 Valor Points

3. Quest Lines↑top

As you progress through the event, you will unlock smallquest lines. Each quest line completes an objectiveof the Operation: Shieldwall Icon Operation: Shieldwall Campaign achievement.

3.1. Lion's Landing

The Lion's Landing objective of Operation: Shieldwall Icon Operation: Shieldwall Campaignis completed during the introductory quest line. The introductory quest lineis started by Meet the Scout and continues with A King Among Menand Lion's Landing.

After an impressive cut scene, Lion's Landing will be built and youwill be able to activate the flight point there.

Also, you will receive A Little Patience, which sends you to theA Little Patience scenario. This quest seems to have no bearing on theOperation: Shieldwall event, but we encourage you to do the scenario.

3.2. The Man With a Thousand Faces

After reaching 1,000 friendly reputation,you will be given The Best Around by Admiral Taylorat Lion's Landing. This quest requires you to go to theBrawler's Guild arena in Stormwind Citywhere you will be given To Catch A Spy, followed by Professor Kilt.

To complete To Catch A Spy, offer the first drink (Pink Marmot) toKeith "The Party" Westin, the second drink (Rusty Dagger) to Twix Gearspark,and the third drink (Mogu Melon Twist) to Tasha Windpaw.

Completing Professor Kilt will complete the The Man With a ThousandFaces objective of Operation: Shieldwall Icon Operation: Shieldwall Campaign. After a few days,you will receive a mail from Agent Connelly informing you that he is now onPandaria.

3.3. The Voice of Gods

After reaching 5,000friendly reputation, you will be offeredHe's In Deep by Admiral Taylor at Lion's Landing. This quest will befollowed by Bugging Out and He Won't Even Miss It from Cousin Goottoothin Kun-Lai Summit (Cousin Goottooth is actually Agent Connelly in disguise).

Completing these quests will complete the The Voice of the Godsobjective of Operation: Shieldwall Icon Operation: Shieldwall Campaign.

3.4. Jaina's Hope

After reaching 3,000honored reputation, you will be offeredThe Kirin Tor by Admiral Taylor at Lion's Landing. After reachingthe Purple Parlor, talking to Jaina, and turning in the quest, Anduin willgive you The Fate of Dalaran.

Completing The Fate of Dalaran will complete the Jaina's Hopeobjective of Operation: Shieldwall Icon Operation: Shieldwall Campaign.

3.5. The Korune

After reaching 6,500 honored reputation,you will be offered To Mogujia by Admiral Taylor at Lion'sLanding. After reaching Brann and turning in To Mogujia, you will be giventwo quests: The Source of Korune Power and Bad Blood.

Completing these two quests will complete the The Koruneobjective of Operation: Shieldwall Icon Operation: Shieldwall Campaign.

3.6. Heart of the Alliance

After reaching 10,800 honored reputation,you will be given Anduin's Plea by Admiral Taylor at Lion's Landing,which is followed by Heart Of The Alliance (at the Shrine of Seven Stars).Completing this latter quest completes the Heart of the Alliance objective ofOperation: Shieldwall Icon Operation: Shieldwall Campaign.

3.7. Secrets of the Past

After reaching 2,700 revered reputation,you will be given The Kun-Lai Expedition by Admiral Taylor atLion's Landing. After handing in The Kun-Lai Expedition in Kun-Laisummit, you will be given A Kor'kron In Our Midst, which is followed byMemory Wine. Completing the latter quest completes the Secrets of the Pastobjective of Operation: Shieldwall Icon Operation: Shieldwall Campaign.

3.8. The Divine Bell

After reaching 6,900 revered reputation,you will be given The Ruins of Korune by Admiral Taylor atLion's Landing. After handing in The Ruins of Korune in Kun-Laisummit, you will be given The Divine Bell. Completing this secondquest completes the The Divine Bellobjective of Operation: Shieldwall Icon Operation: Shieldwall Campaign.

3.9. The Purge of Dalaran

After reaching 8,700 revered reputation,you will be given Darnassus Attacked? by Admiral Taylor atLion's Landing. After handing in Darnassus Attacked? in Darnassus, youwill be given Tracking the Thieves by Lady Jaina Proudmoore, which isfollowed by Jaina's Resolution. Completing Jaina's Resolution willopen up 5 new quests:

Finally, you will be given What Had To Be Done by Vereesa Windrunner, whowill also provide you with transportation back to Lion's Landing (speak to her).

After completing this final quest, you will complete the The Purge of Dalaranobjective of Operation: Shieldwall Icon Operation: Shieldwall Campaign.

3.10. An Ancient Ally

After reaching 14,600 revered reputation,you will be given The Harmonic Mallet by Admiral Taylor atLion's Landing. After handing in this quest to Prince Anduin, he will giveyou The Monkey King. Completing this quest will open up three newquests:

All these quests are to be handed in to the Monkey King in Lion's Landing, notin Kun-Lai Summit, where he gives them to you. Keep this in mind when you do thequests, as your first reflex will be to go back to Kun-Lai Summit to complete them.

At Lion's Landing, you will be given The Greatest Prank. Completing it willcomplete the An Ancient Ally objective of Operation: Shieldwall Icon Operation: Shieldwall Campaign.

3.11. In Search of Harmony

After reaching 18,500 revered reputation, youwill be given three quests by the Monkey King in Lion's Landing:

Completing these quests will complete the In Search of Harmony objectiveof Operation: Shieldwall Icon Operation: Shieldwall Campaign.

3.12. Breath of Darkest Shadow

After reaching exalted reputation, youwill be given The Bell Speaks by Admiral Taylor at Lion's Landing.Anduin will then give you Breath of Darkest Shadow. Finally,you will be given The Silence. Completing it will reward you witha Grand Gryphon Icon Grand Gryphon and will complete the Breath of Darkest Shadowobjective of Operation: Shieldwall Icon Operation: Shieldwall Campaign.

4. World PvP Objective↑top

The World PvP objectives will appear on your map as soon as you completethe introductory quest line. There are 6 objectives and if your faction holds them,you receive a buff or a perk when you are in their vicinity. These buffs/perks canbe very useful during the daily quests.

Objective Area of Effect Buff/Perk
Lion's Landing Graveyard
  • Lion's Landing
  • Ruins of Ogudei
When you die, you respawn at the graveyard, greatly shortening your corpse-run.
Lion's Landing Tower
  • Lion's Landing
  • Ruins of Ogudei
You get buffed with Alliance Supremacy Icon Alliance Supremacy (increased health and damage done).
Shrine of Ogudei
  • Lion's Landing
  • Ruins of Ogudei
You get buffed with Mogu's Command Icon Mogu's Command (increase run speed and you can use mounts in the Ruins of Ogudei).
Domination Point Graveyard
  • Domination Point
  • Bilgewater Operations
When you die, you respawn at the graveyard, greatly shortening your corpse-run.
Domination Point Tower
  • Domination Point
  • Bilgewater Operations
You get buffed with Alliance Supremacy Icon Alliance Supremacy (increased health and damage done).
Blacksand Oilfield
  • Domination Point
  • Bilgewater Operations
You get buffed with Oil Baron Icon Oil Baron (increase run speed and decreased cast time for mount spells).

For the Area of Effect, you will find a precise map of the locations in thedaily quest section.

To take an objective, simply flag yourself for PvP, go to the objective andstand your ground there until the objective becomes yours.

5. Domination Point Commissions and Related Perks↑top

When killing Horde NPCs in Krasarang Wilds, you will lootDomination Point Commission Icon Domination Point Commissions, which you can use to buy a number ofitems from Proveditor Grantley at Lion's Landing.

5.1. Daily Quests

Proveditor Grantley sells 3 items (for 30 Domination Point Commission Icon Domination Point Commissionseach) that you can use to start chains of daily quests. Each chain rewardsa total of 200 reputation and consists of 3 quests. The first quest requiresyou to gather some items. The second quest makes you use the items you gatheredto lay a trap for capturing a wild animal. The third quest is given after youdefeat the wild animal. Turning in the third quest will give you a smalldamage buff.

You can only do one quest chain per day.

5.1.1. Ancient Bloodcrown Crane

Sturdy Crane Snare Icon Sturdy Crane Snare starts Beastmaster's Hunt: The Crane, which isfollowed by Beastmaster's Quarry: The Crane. After turning in this second quest toHuntsman Blake, you will be able to ask him to fight theAncient Bloodcrown Crane that you have just brought him. If you defeatthe Crane, Huntsman Blake will give you Ancient's Fall. Uponturning in this last quest, you will be rewarded with 200 reputationand Presence of the Crane Icon Presence of the Crane will be cast on you (it lasts 30 minutes).

5.1.2. Krasari Elder

Sturdy Tiger Trap Icon Sturdy Tiger Trap starts Beastmaster's Hunt: The Tiger, which isfollowed by Beastmaster's Quarry: The Tiger. After turning in this second quest toHuntsman Blake, you will be able to ask him to fight theElder Krasari that you have just brought him. If you defeatthe Tiger, Huntsman Blake will give you End of an Elder. Uponturning in this last quest, you will be rewarded with 200 reputationand Presence of the Tiger Icon Presence of the Tiger will be cast on you (it lasts 30 minutes).

5.1.3. Colossal Viseclaw

Sturdy Crab Crate Icon Sturdy Crab Crate starts Beastmaster's Hunt: The Crab, which isfollowed by Beastmaster's Quarry: The Crab. After turning in this second quest toHuntsman Blake, you will be able to ask him to fight theColossal Viseclaw that you have just brought him. If you defeatthe Crab, Huntsman Blake will give you A Colossal Victory. Uponturning in this last quest, you will be rewarded with 200 reputationand Presence of the Crab Icon Presence of the Crab will be cast on you (it lasts 30 minutes).

5.1.4. Important Tip

You do not need to do the initial quests to get the last quest thatfinally rewards reputation. What you can do is wait at the arena thata group engage one of the elites. Then, simply attack the elite with them.When it will die, you will be given the final quest, even if you did not dothe other quests.

5.2. Portals

For 5 Domination Point Commission Icon Domination Point Commissions, you can buy a portalto:

Portals appear next to the portal NPC, who is located right next to the vendors.

5.3. Buffs

For 10 Domination Point Commission Icon Domination Point Commissions, you can buy an item that youcan use to summon an NPC that will buff nearby Alliance players. You canonly use this item in Lion's Landing and the NPCs will be summoned nearthe Lion's Landing daily quest givers. If an NPC is already present, thereis no need to re-summon it. The buffs given only work in Krasarang Wilds.See the table below for more details.

Item NPC Class Buff
Mercenary Contract: Mage Icon Mercenary Contract: Mage Mage Arcane Brilliance Icon Arcane Brilliance
Mercenary Contract: Warrior Icon Mercenary Contract: Warrior Warrior Echoing Battle Shout Icon Echoing Battle Shout
Mercenary Contract: Druid Icon Mercenary Contract: Druid Druid Mark of the Wild Icon Mark of the Wild
Mercenary Contract: Priest Icon Mercenary Contract: Priest Priest Power Word: Fortitude Icon Power Word: Fortitude
Mercenary Contract: Paladin Icon Mercenary Contract: Paladin Paladin Blessing of Might Icon Blessing of Might
Mercenary Contract: Shaman Icon Mercenary Contract: Shaman Shaman Binding Elemental Oath Icon Binding Elemental Oath
Mercenary Contract: Rogue Icon Mercenary Contract: Rogue Rogue Swiftblade's Nod Icon Swiftblade's Nod

In addition, you can buy a Lion's Landing Banquet Icon Lion's Landing Banquet for 30Domination Point Commission Icon Domination Point Commissions. It will appear next to the vendorsand will grant Alliance players who eat from it +250 to their main statisticin Krasarang Wilds.

5.4. Defensive Units

To help defend the World PvP Objectives that your faction is currentlyholding, you can hire guards. To do so, you must be near the objective anduse the item that corresponds to the objective.

5.5. Miscelleanous Items

A Crate of Alliance Banners Icon Crate of Alliance Banners can be bought for 25Domination Point Commission Icon Domination Point Commissions. We have yet to determine whatthese banners do.

Box of Overridden Excavationbots Icon Box of Overridden Excavationbots can be bought for 125Domination Point Commission Icon Domination Point Commissions and contain Overridden Excavationbots,which you can use to fight at your side.

Obelisk of Deception Icon Obelisk of Deception costs 500 Domination Point Commission Icon Domination Point Commissionsand Rodent Crate Icon Rodent Crate costs 2,000 Domination Point Commission Icon Domination Point Commissions.We have yet to determine what these items do.

6. Daily Quests↑top

As you can see in the image below, there are four different questinglocations. Each day, you will receive your daily quests (or an introductoryquest leading to them) from NPCs next to the Flight Master in Lion's Landing.You will always complete a total of 5 daily quests awarding reputation,for a total reputation gain of 900.

Operation: Shieldwall - Daily Quest Locations

Each daily quest rewards 5 Valor Points and 2 Lesser Charm of Good Fortune Icon Lesser Charms of Good Fortune.

6.1. Lion's Landing

Quest Giver Quest Reputation
Marshal Troteman Attack! Move! 150
Marshal Troteman Siege Damage or Tower Defense 150
Marshal Troteman Hero Killer 300
Mishka Resource Gathering 150
Mishka Supply Block 150

For Siege Damage and Tower Defense, simply go to the quarry and killthe Bilgewater Goblins until you get the required quest items.

6.2. Ruins of Ogudei

When the Ruins of Ogudei are the questing location of the day,Marshal Troteman will first give you Priorities, People!.Once at the ruins, you will be able to get the following quests.

Quest Giver Quest Reputation
Hilda Hornswaggle The Spirit Trap 150
Hilda Hornswaggle It Is A Mystery or Shackles of the Past 150
Hilda Hornswaggle Eviction Notice 150
Hilda Hornswaggle Oi Ain't Afraid o' No Ghosts! 150
Hilda Hornswaggle Ogudei's Lieutenants 300

For It Is A Mystery, the anomaly is randomly located in one of the smallrecesses marked in green in the image below.To disperse the anomaly, simply stand at its location. Inred, we marked the locations of theOgudei's Lieutenants.

For Oi Ain't Afraid o' No Ghosts!, you will need to attack pairs of SpiritboundArcanists and Spiritbound Brutalizers. Both units share a health pool and we advise you to focus on the Brutalizer, as the Arcanist only does a sort of Shadow Nova-type of attack that you can easily avoid.

6.3. Bilgewater Operations

When the Bilgewater Operations are the questing location of the day,Amber Kearnen at Lion's Landing will first give youAnd Then There Were Goblins. This quest will send you to theSkyfire (remember to use Portal Reagents: Skyfire Icon Portal Reagents: Skyfire to get there faster)where you will be given your daily quests.

Quest Giver Quest Reputation
Sky Admiral Rogers The Only Good Goblin... 150
Mishka It's Only Right 150
Seraphine of the Winter Two Step Program or Undermining the Under Miner 300
Sully "The Pickle" McLeary Burn Out! or Necessary Breaks 150
Sully "The Pickle" McLeary Dis-Assembly Required or Circle of Life 150

For Dis-Assembly Required, make sure to use the Re-Configured Remote Icon Re-Configured Remote,which is provided for the quest, on the Jungle Shredders before attemptingto kill them.

6.4. Domination Point

When Domination Point is the questing location of the day,Amber Kearnen at Lion's Landing will first give youSend A Message. This quest will send you to theSkyfire (remember to use Portal Reagents: Skyfire Icon Portal Reagents: Skyfire to get there faster)where you will be given your daily quests.

Quest Giver Quest Reputation
Sky Admiral Rogers Hammer to Fall 150
Sky Admiral Rogers We Will Rock You 150
Tinkmaster Overspark A Kind of Magic, followed by Don't Lose Your Head 450
Mishka Under Pressure 150

For the A Kind of Magic quest, you will need to locate small robots in Domination Point.Even with the quest markers on your map, it may prove difficult to find them, so we haveincluded screenshots of them.

Eliminate the Beachhead Demolishers Eliminate the Horde Wolves Destroy the Horde Bomb Stockpile
Operation: Shieldwall - Eliminate the Beachhead Demolishers Operation: Shieldwall - Eliminate the Horde Wolves Operation: Shieldwall - Eliminate the Horde Bomb Stockpile

For the Under Pressure quest, you will find many Horde Supply Crates in the Alliance-controlled docks south of Dominance Point.

7. Rare Elites↑top

In Dominance Point, you will find three rare elites:

When killing one of these NPCs, you will have a chance to loot:

Killing all three NPCs will grant you the I'm In Your Base, Killing Your Dudes Icon I'm In Your Base, Killing Your Dudesachievement.

8. Conclusion↑top

If you have read us this far, we would like to thank you for the time youspent on the site and we hope that the guide brought you all the information you needed.

9. Changelog↑top

  • 16 Jul. 2013: Added section on championing a faction.
  • 15 Apr. 2013: Added mention of Tillers Work Orders.



2015-2025 MoP-Veins.tk 0.91